In 1879, Wilhelm Marr coined the term 'Antisemitismus', which aroused extensive discussion in academic circles. With the deepening of research, scholars' research on anti-Semitism gradually traced back to the ancient world. Texts with anti-Semitic thought appeared as early as Ptolemaic Egypt. Essentially, the main purpose of these words were self-justification, a response to the sinful image of the Egyptians in the narrative of Exodus. The early Ptolemaic Egyptian writers got rid of the charges against the Egyptians by rewriting the narrative of Exodus and shifting responsibility for the entire event to the Jews. It is obvious that in the process, the image of the Jewish people has been severely vilified. Although the writers did not express a strong anti-Semitic tendency subjectively, they all expressed a certain degree of anti-Semitic thought objectively. The anti-Semitic thought was inherited by later writers in the Roman world and had a profound impact. This article focuses on the works of three Ptolemaic Egyptian writers and discusses their reasons and influences for rewriting the narrative of the Exodus in combination with their historical background. CONTRIBUTION: This article discusses the origin and spread of anti-Semitic thought in the ancient world. It has important reference value for the study of ancient writers' understanding of the Old Testament. At the same time, it has important academic value for the study of Jewish history.

Resumen Objetivo. Investigar la seguridad y la eficacia de la discectomía endoscópica percutánea (DEP) y de la discectomía fenestrada (DF) en el tratamiento de la hernia de disco lumbar. Método. Se analizaron retrospectivamente los datos clínicos completos de 87 pacientes con hernia de disco lumbar. De acuerdo con el tratamiento prescrito, los pacientes fueron divididos en grupo control (DF, n = 39) y grupo de estudio (DEP, n = 48). Se compararon las condiciones básicas de funcionamiento de los dos grupos y se evaluaron los resultados de la cirugía, la incidencia de complicaciones y la calidad de vida al año de la operación. Resultados. Ambos grupos completaron la operación. En el grupo de estudio, las puntuaciones en la escala visual análoga y ODI disminuyeron significativamente, mientras que las puntuaciones JOA aumentaron significativamente. La tasa de éxito de la operación en el grupo de estudio fue significativamente mayor que en el grupo control, y la incidencia de complicaciones fue significativamente menor que en el grupo control. No hubo diferencia significativa en la calidad de vida entre los dos grupos (p > 0.05). Conclusiones. La tasa de éxito del tratamiento con DEP fue mayor, y el tiempo de recuperación fue más rápido y más seguro que con la DF.

Abstract Background. The aim of the study was to explore the safety and efficacy of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) and fenestration discectomy (FD) in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Material and methods. The complete clinical data from 87 patients with LDH from our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into a control group (n = 39, treated with FD) and a research group (n = 48, treated with PTED) according to the prescribed treatments. The basic operation conditions were compared across the two groups. Surgical outcomes were assessed. The incidences of complications and the life quality of patients were evaluated 1 year after surgery. Results. The patients in both groups completed the operation. The visual analog scale and Oswestry Disability Index score of patients in the research group was significantly lower while the Orthopaedic Association Score was significantly higher after surgery. The success rate of the operation in the research group which was significantly higher and the rate of complications was significantly lower. No statistical differences in the quality of life were observed between the patients (p > 0.05). Conclusions. PTED and FD are effective in the treatment of LDH. However, our study showed that PTED has a higher rate of treatment success, faster recovery times and is safer than FD.

Introduction: Seed-based analysis has shown that transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) can modulate the dysfunctional brain network in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the voxel-based neuropsychological mechanism of taVNS on patients with first-episode MDD is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of an 8-week course of taVNS on patients with first-episode MDD. Methods: Twenty-two patients with first-episode MDD accepted an 8-week course of taVNS treatment. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans were performed before and after treatment. Voxel-based analyses were performed to characterize spontaneous brain activity. Healthy controls (n=23) were recruited to minimize test-retest effects. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed to ascertain treatment-related changes. Then, correlations between changes in brain activity and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D)/Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) remission rate were estimated. Results: Significant group-by-time interactions on voxel-based analyses were observed in the inferior ventral striatum (VSi) and precuneus. Post-hoc analyses showed that taVNS inhibited higher brain activity in the VSi, while upregulating it in the precuneus. Functional connectivity (FC) between the VSi and precuneus decreased. Positive correlations were found between the HAM-D remission rate and changes in brain activity in the VSi. Conclusion: taVNS reduced the FC between VSi and precuneus by normalizing the abnormal spontaneous brain activity of VSi in first-episode MDD patients.

ABSTRACT To characterize the N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-related gene expression profiles in various tissues of Meishan pigs at different stages, m6A modification-related genes (METTL3, METTL14, METTL16, WTAP, RBM15, and FTO) were detected from newborn to physical maturity of Meishan pigs at eight important developmental stages (1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 134, and 158 days old). The expression of m6A-related genes was tissue-specific. Furthermore, the level of METTL3 messenger RNA (mRNA) was higher on day 35 than in other stages in most tissues, and the expression of METTL14 increased after day 35, and FTO exhibited a peak on day 14 in muscle, intestine, lymph nodes, thymus, and kidney. This study provided a reference for an in-depth study of the expression patterns of m6A modification-related genes in Meishan pigs.

Abstract Background The impact of a literature report on a particular subject can be measured by its number of citations. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of the literature reports in the field of endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) by analyzing the top 100 most cited articles. It should be noted that the focus of this study is to describe the bibliometric characteristics. Methods This bibliometric analysis dedicated only to endovascular treatment of IAs in our study. We searched the top 100 most cited articles in the field of endovascular treatment of IAs using the search tool of the Web of Science (WOS). We evaluated the characteristics of these high-impact publications, including publication year, category, journal, author's country, etc. Results The top 100 most cited articles were cited 281.3 times, on average. The United States has published the most articles every year compared with other countries. These highly cited articles are mostly published in the Journal of Neurosurgery. Eighty-six of the top 100 most cited articles were clinical studies. Conclusion The bibliometric analysis provides insight over the development and the growing trend in endovascular treatment of IAs. This study can help researchers better understand the global overview of this field, and it also provides leads about promising areas of future research and potential collaborations.

Resumo Antecedentes O impacto de um relato de literatura sobre um determinado assunto pode ser medido pelo seu número de citações. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características dos relatos da literatura na área de tratamento endovascular de aneurismas intracranianos (AIs), analisando os 100 artigos mais citados. Ressalta-se que o foco deste estudo é descrever as características bibliométricas. Métodos Esta análise bibliométrica foi dedicada apenas ao tratamento endovascular dos AIs em nosso estudo. Pesquisamos os 100 artigos mais citados na área de tratamento endovascular de AIs usando a ferramenta de busca daWeb of Science (WOS). Avaliamos as características dessas publicações de alto impacto, incluindo ano de publicação, categoria, periódico, país do autor etc. Resultados Os 100 artigos mais citados foram citados 281,3 vezes, em média. Os Estados Unidos publicaram o maior número de artigos todos os anos em comparação com outros países. Esses artigos altamente citados são publicados principalmente noJournal of Neurosurgery. Oitenta e seis dos 100 artigos mais citados eram estudos clínicos. Conclusão A análise bibliométrica fornece informações sobre o desenvolvimento e a tendência crescente no tratamento endovascular das AI. Este estudo pode ajudar os pesquisadores a entender melhor a visão global desse campo e também fornece pistas sobre áreas promissoras de pesquisas futuras e potenciais colaborações.

RESUMO Antecedentes O tabagismo tem sido considerado fator de risco para doenças cardiovasculares, câncer, depressão e outras doenças em relatos anteriores, e o tabagismo ativo é considerado fator de risco para acidente vascular cerebral hemorrágico. Além disso, um estudo retrospectivo mostrou que os fumantes do sexo masculino apresentavam risco aumentado de sangramento por malformação arteriovenosa (MAV), em comparação com os não fumantes. No entanto, o efeito do tabagismo passivo na ruptura da MAV cerebral em mulheres não fumantes não foi abordado. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto da exposição ao tabaco no risco de sangramento de MAV em mulheres não fumantes. Métodos Foram incluídas 393 mulheres não fumantes diagnosticadas com MAV. Elas foram divididas em um grupo com sangramento (205 mulheres) e um grupo sem sangramento (188 mulheres). Realizamos análise univariada e multivariada nesses dois grupos. Na análise univariada, foram analisados os fatores de risco que podem estar relacionados ao sangramento de MAV. Na análise multivariada, a relação entre tabagismo passivo e ruptura de MAV foi analisada por meio da correção de fatores de confusão. Resultados A análise multivariada mostrou que a proporção de tabagismo passivo foi estatisticamente diferente entre o grupo com sangramento e o grupo sem sangramento (OR = 1,609; IC = 1,031-2,509; p = 0,036). Conclusão O tabagismo passivo pode aumentar o risco de sangramento de MAV em mulheres não fumantes. Esse risco aumentado pode estar relacionado à resposta inflamatória, danos na parede vascular, distúrbios hemodinâmicos, alterações na aterosclerose e alterações na expressão gênica causadas pelo tabagismo passivo.

ABSTRACT Background Smoking has been considered to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, cancer, depression and other diseases in previous reports, and active smoking is considered to be a risk factor for hemorrhagic stroke. In addition, a retrospective study showed that male smokers were at increased risk of bleeding from arteriovenous malformation (AVM), compared with non-smokers. However, the effect of passive smoking on rupturing of cerebral AVM in non-smoking women has not been addressed. Objective This study aimed to assess the impact of tobacco exposure on AVM bleeding risk in non-smoking women. Methods A total of 393 non-smoking women diagnosed with AVM were included. They were divided into a bleeding group (205 women) and a non-bleeding group (188 women). We conducted univariate and multivariate analysis on these two groups. In univariate analysis, risk factors that might be related to AVM bleeding were analyzed. In multivariate analysis, the relationship between passive smoking and AVM rupture was analyzed by correcting confounding factors. Results Multivariate analysis showed that the proportion of passive smoking was statistically different between the bleeding group and the non-bleeding group (OR = 1.609; CI = 1.031-2.509; p = 0.036). Conclusion Passive smoking may increase the risk of AVM bleeding in non-smoking women. This increased risk may be related to the inflammatory response, vascular wall damage, hemodynamic disorders, changes in atherosclerosis and changes in gene expression caused by passive smoking.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is thought to prevent recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its efficacy is a matter of controversy. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the effect of preventive TACE on the tumor, nodes, metastasis (TNM) classification in cases of stage II HCC (T2N0M0) after R0 resection. DESIGN AND SETTING: Case-control study conducted in a tertiary-level public hospital. METHODS: We analyzed recurrence rates and mortality rates over time for 250 consecutive cases of HCC in TNM classification cases of stage II HCC (T2N0M0) after R0 resection. These cases were divided into patients who underwent TACE (TACE+) and presented microvascular invasion (MVI+; n = 80); TACE+ but did not present MVI (MIV−; n = 100); MVI+ but did not undergo TACE (TACE−, n = 30); and TACE−/MVI− (n = 40). RESULTS: MVI+ patients in the TACE+ group had significantly lower recurrence rates and mortality rates at one, two and three years than those in the TACE- group (all P < 0.05). Among MVI- patients, the TACE+ group did not have significantly lower recurrence rates and mortality rates at one, two and three years than the TACE- group (all P > 0.05). Regardless of whether TACE was performed or not, MVI− patients had significantly lower recurrence rates and mortality rates at two and three years after their procedures than did MVI+ patients (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Recurrence rates and mortality rates for MVI+ patients were significantly higher than for MVI− patients, beyond the first year after TACE. Postoperative adjuvant TACE may be beneficial for HCC patients with MVI.

A hydrated kaolinite-methanol intercalation compound (Kaol-MeOH (hydrated)) was synthesized by utilizing kaolinite/dimethyl sulfoxide intercalation compound (Kaol-DMSO) as an intermediary, and further displacement intercalation with butyl trimethylammonium chloride (BTAC) was also carried out. The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results showed that the d001 value of the Kaol-MeOH (hydrated) could be arbitrary values between 0.86 and 1.08 nm, which could be caused by the hydrogen-bonded MeOH or water molecules between the interlayer spaces of methoxy-modified Kaol. Furthermore, this part of interlayer molecules could be removed by heating and have no obvious effect on the subsequent intercalation reaction. In addition, the time required for Kaol-MeOH (hydrated) preparation was drastically shortened to 3 days, which greatly reduces the time-consuming for the preparation of subsequent compounds.

Abstract Background: Phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1) could regulate cancer cell proliferation important for cancer cell proliferation; however, its role in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role of PIK3R1 in HCC and examined the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods: The expression of PIK3R1 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR in a series of HCC tissues. The mRNA and protein expression of PIK3R1 was used by qRT-PCR and western blot assays in a series of human HCC cell lines, and then we choose MHCC97H and HCCLM3 cells as a model to investigate the effect of PIK3R1 on HCC progression. The effects of PIK3R1 knowdown on cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis of HCC were assessed by the MTT assay, clonogenic assays, wound healing assay and flow cytometry in vitro. Western blot assay was performed to assess the expression changes of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Results: Our results found that PIK3R1 was highly expressed in HCC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Knockdown of PIK3R1 inhibited the proliferation, migration and promoted apoptosis of HCC cell lines. In addition, we proved that knockdown of PIK3R1 downregulated p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR expressions in MHCC97H and HCCLM3 cells. Conclusions: In conclusion, PIK3R1 providing potential novel targets for the treatment of HCC.

The imbalance between bone formation and osteolysis plays a key role in the pathogenesis of aseptic loosening. Strontium ranelate (SR) can promote bone formation and inhibit osteolysis. The aim of this study was to explore the role and mechanism of SR in aseptic loosening induced by wear particles. Twenty wild-type (WT) female C57BL/6j mice and 20 sclerostin-/- female C57BL/6j mice were used in this study. Mice were randomly divided into four groups: WT control group, WT SR group, knockout (KO) control group, and KO SR group. We found that SR enhanced the secretion of osteocalcin (0.72±0.007 in WT control group, 0.98±0.010 in WT SR group, P=0.000), Runx2 (0.34±0.005 in WT control group, 0.47±0.010 in WT SR group, P=0.000), β-catenin (1.04±0.05 in WT control group, 1.22±0.02 in WT SR group, P=0.000), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) (0.59±0.03 in WT control group, 0.90±0.02 in WT SR group, P=0.000). SR significantly decreased the level of receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) (1.78±0.08 in WT control group, 1.37±0.06 in WT SR group, P=0.000) and improved the protein ratio of OPG/RANKL, but these effects were not observed in sclerostin-/- mice. Our findings demonstrated that SR enhanced bone formation and inhibited bone resorption in a wear particle-mediated osteolysis model in wild-type mice, and this effect relied mainly on the down-regulation of sclerostin levels to ameliorate the inhibition of the canonical Wnt pathway.

PURPOSE: To compare the characteristics of tubercular vs. leukemic involvement of abdominopelvic lymph nodes using multidetector computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed multidetector computed tomography features including lymph node size, shape, enhancement patterns, and anatomical distribution, in 106 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed, untreated tuberculosis (55 patients; 52%) or leukemia (51 patients; 48%). In patients with leukemia, 32 (62.7%) had chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and 19 (37.3%) had acute leukemias; of these, 10 (19.6%) had acute myeloid leukemia, and 9 (17.6%) had acute lymphocytic leukemia. RESULTS: The lower para-aortic (30.9% for tuberculosis, 63.2% for acute leukemias and 87.5% for chronic lymphocytic leukemia) and inguinal (9.1% for tuberculosis, 57.9% for acute leukemias and 53.1% for chronic lymphocytic leukemia) lymph nodes were involved more frequently in the three types of leukemia than in tuberculosis (both with p <0.017). Tuberculosis showed peripheral enhancement, frequently with a multilocular appearance, in 43 (78.2%) patients, whereas patients with leukemia (78.9% for acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphocytic leukemia, 87.5% for chronic lymphocytic leukemia) demonstrated predominantly homogeneous enhancement (both with p <0.017). For the diagnosis of tuberculosis, the analysis showed that a peripheral enhancement pattern had a sensitivity of 78.2%, a specificity of 100%, and an accuracy of 88.7%. For the diagnosis of leukemia, the analysis showed that a homogeneous enhancement pattern was associated with a sensitivity of 84.3%, a specificity of 94.5%, and an accuracy of 89.6%. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that the anatomical distribution and enhancement patterns of lymphadenopathy seen on multidetector computed tomography are useful for differentiating between untreated tuberculosis and leukemia of the abdominopelvic lymph nodes.